When selecting soundproofing panels, the key considerations include effectiveness, ease of installation, and price. The TONOR 12 Pack High Density Hexagon Acoustic Panels stands out as the best overall choice for its balanced performance and affordability. For those on a budget, the 50 Pack Sound Proof Foam Panels offers high volume at a lower price, while the Knightsacoustic 96 Pack Foam Panels provides extensive coverage for serious soundproofing needs. Readers often face tradeoffs between sound absorption quality, decorative appeal, and installation complexity. Continue reading for a detailed comparison to find the right fit for your space.
Get wellness gear delivered free with Prime
- Fast, free delivery on millions of items
- Prime Video, Amazon Music and more included
- Member-only deals all year
Key Takeaways
- Higher-density panels generally provide better sound absorption but tend to be more expensive.
- Larger pack sizes often offer better value but may require more space for installation.
- Self-adhesive options simplify installation but can limit repositioning or removal.
- Design and color options vary significantly, impacting aesthetic integration with decor.
- Thicker panels (2 inches or more) typically absorb more sound but are bulkier and may be less versatile.
| soundproofing panel | Material | Quantity | Size |
|---|---|---|---|
| TONOR 12 Pack High Density Hex | Polyester fiber | — | 12"x 10" |
| 50 Pack Sound Proof Foam Panel | — | 50 panels | 12 x 12 inches |
| 50 Pack Acoustic Foam Panels | Polyurethane foam | 50 panels | 2" x 12" x 12" |
| Acoustic Panels 12-Pack Soundp | High-density poly-fiber | 12 | 12" x 10.4" x 0.4" |
| 54 Pack Acoustic Foam Wall Pan | High-density polyurethane foam | 54 panels | — |
| Acoustic Panels 12-Pack Soundp | High-density poly-fiber | 12-pack | 12"x12"x0.4" |
| Knightsacoustic 96 Pack Sound | High-density acoustic foam | 96 panels | — |
| Acoustic Foam Panels Sound Abs | High-density acoustic foam | 12 panels | 1" x 12" x 12" |
| TONOR Large Acoustic Panels Se | 100% polyester fiber | 8 pack | 47.2 x 23.6 inches |
| Acoustic Panels | 100% polyester fiber | 10 pieces | — |
| 20 Pack Acoustic Panels with S | Polyester | 20 pieces | — |
| Focusound 52 Pack Acoustic Foa | High-density foam | — | — |
| 24 Pack 2” Thick Pyramid Acous | Acoustic foam | 24 pack | — |
More Details on Our Top Picks
TONOR 12 Pack High Density Hexagon Acoustic Panels, 12″x 10″x 0.4″
This set of hexagon-shaped panels stands out for combining effective echo reduction with a stylish honeycomb design that doubles as decor. Compared to the more utilitarian foam options like the 50 Pack Acoustic Foam Panels, these are easier to install thanks to self-adhesive backing, making them ideal for users seeking both function and aesthetics. However, their adhesion might struggle on textured surfaces, and color options are limited, which could limit customization. This pick makes the most sense for those who want a quick, attractive upgrade to sound quality without complex mounting solutions.
Pros:- Easy to install with self-adhesive backing
- Stylish hexagon honeycomb design enhances decor
- Effective at reducing echo and noise
Cons:- May not adhere well to textured surfaces
- Limited color options (only beige)
Best for: Homeowners and small business owners wanting a stylish, straightforward sound treatment solution
Not ideal for: Users with textured or uneven walls where adhesive may not stick well
- Item Weight:2.16 pounds
- Product Dimensions:11.8 x 10.2 x 4.2 inches
- Size:12″x 10″
- Shape:Hexagon
- Material:Polyester fiber
Our verdict“Ideal for those seeking a decorative, easy-to-install acoustic panel solution for smooth surfaces.”
50 Pack Sound Proof Foam Panels for Walls, 12 x 12 Inches, High Density Acoustic Sound Absorbing Wedges, Black
This set of 50 high-density foam panels provides substantial coverage for sound absorption, making them a cost-effective choice for studios or control rooms. Compared with the more stylish but smaller Acoustic Panels 12-Pack, these panels prioritize volume and noise reduction over aesthetics, with a straightforward wedge shape that absorbs echoes effectively. The main tradeoff is that they do not include adhesive, requiring an additional purchase, and they focus solely on sound absorption rather than complete soundproofing. This makes them best suited for environments where controlling echo is the primary goal rather than blocking sound transmission.
Pros:- Effective at reducing echoes and background noise
- High-density, durable, and resilient material
- Cost-effective for large areas
Cons:- Adhesive not included, requiring extra purchase
- Designed for sound absorption, not full soundproofing
Best for: Audio engineers, studio owners, or anyone needing extensive echo control on a budget
Not ideal for: Decor-focused users seeking stylish panels or those wanting complete soundproofing
- Quantity:50 panels
- Size:12 x 12 inches
- Thickness:2 inches
- Color:Black
Our verdict“Best for users prioritizing large coverage and echo control over aesthetic appeal.”
50 Pack Acoustic Foam Panels, 2″ x 12″ x 12″ Soundproof Foam Panels for Studio, Office, and Home
This set of 50 foam panels offers a flexible solution for reducing echoes in various spaces, with the advantage of being eco-friendly and easy to shape. Unlike the black wedge panels, these are made from non-toxic polyurethane foam, making them safer for homes and eco-conscious users. They can be cut or shaped to fit specific areas, providing customization. The main drawback is that they require adhesive or nails for mounting, and performance may vary based on placement. Compared to the high-density options, these are better suited for decorative and moderate sound treatment rather than intensive noise blocking.
Pros:- Effective at reducing echoes and background noise
- Easy to shape and cut for custom fit
- Eco-friendly, non-toxic materials
Cons:- Requires adhesive or nails for installation
- Performance depends heavily on placement and environment
Best for: Eco-conscious DIYers and those who want customizable sound absorption in home studios or offices
Not ideal for: Users needing quick, no-fuss installation or high-performance soundproofing
- Size:2″ x 12″ x 12″
- Quantity:50 panels
- Material:Polyurethane foam
- Application:Soundproofing, acoustic treatment
Our verdict“Perfect for eco-minded users looking for adaptable, environmentally friendly sound absorption.”
Acoustic Panels 12-Pack Soundproof Wall Panels 12″ x 10.4″ x 0.4″ – Light Turquoise Hexagon
This set of 12 high-density panels combines effective sound absorption with vibrant color options and eco-friendly materials. Their NRC rating up to 0.95 rivals that of the larger 50 Pack Foam Panels, making them suitable for reducing reverberation in aesthetically conscious spaces. Compared with the plain beige TONOR panels, these offer a more colorful and customizable look, though their higher price and lack of included adhesive may complicate installation. Overall, they are well-suited for users who want a stylish, environmentally friendly option that can be tailored to their decor.
Pros:- High NRC rating for effective sound absorption
- Stylish hexagon design and vibrant colors
- Made from recycled water bottles, eco-friendly
Cons:- No adhesive included, additional purchase needed
- Higher cost compared to basic foam panels
Best for: Design-conscious users seeking colorful, eco-friendly sound treatment for studios or offices
Not ideal for: Those who prefer a more budget-friendly, simple foam panel setup without color customization
- Size:12″ x 10.4″ x 0.4″
- Quantity:12
- Color:Light Turquoise
- Material:High-density poly-fiber
Our verdict“Ideal for users prioritizing style, eco-friendliness, and effective sound absorption in decorated spaces.”
54 Pack Acoustic Foam Wall Panels, 12 x 12 x 1 inches
This collection of wedge-pattern foam panels offers a practical solution for reducing echoes across a variety of room types. Their 12x12x1 inch size provides a bit more depth for sound absorption compared to thinner panels, and the wedge design adds textural interest. While the included adhesive pads make installation straightforward, they require clean, dry, and smooth surfaces, which might limit placement options on uneven walls. These panels excel in creating a versatile, customizable layout, but they do not aim to fully soundproof a space—rather, they improve acoustic clarity effectively.
Pros:- Effective at reducing echoes and improving clarity
- Easy to install with included adhesive pads
- Versatile wedge design allows creative arrangements
Cons:- Requires smooth, clean surfaces for best adhesion
- May need alternative mounting on textured or rough walls
Best for: Room builders and DIY enthusiasts wanting adaptable, effective echo reduction with aesthetic flexibility
Not ideal for: Users seeking complete soundproofing or those with rough wall surfaces
- Quantity:54 panels
- Dimensions:12 x 12 x 1 inches
- Material:High-density polyurethane foam
- Design:Wedge-cut surface pattern
Our verdict“Best suited for those seeking a flexible, visually interesting solution for echo management.”
Acoustic Panels 12-Pack Soundproof Wall Panels 12″x12″x0.4″ White Square
This set of high-density panels offers a versatile solution for reducing echoes and improving sound clarity, especially in spaces like recording studios or home theaters. Compared with the Knightsacoustic 96-pack, these panels are more user-friendly for smaller projects and easier to handle, thanks to their manageable size and lightweight design. However, the absence of adhesive means you must buy additional mounting supplies, which can add to the overall cost and effort. Their foam material, while environmentally friendly, may not match the aesthetic preferences of all users with modern decor, but their high NRC rating of up to 0.95 ensures excellent sound absorption.
Pros:- High NRC rating up to 0.95 for excellent sound absorption
- Easy to cut and customize for precise fitting
- Environmentally friendly with recycled content
Cons:- No adhesive included, requiring additional purchase
- Design may not complement all aesthetic styles
Best for: Home studio owners or small office spaces seeking effective, customizable sound treatment without complex installation.
Not ideal for: Large commercial spaces or rooms requiring strict soundproofing, as these panels primarily absorb sound rather than block it entirely.
- Quantity:12-pack
- Size:12″x12″x0.4″
- Color:White
- Material:High-density poly-fiber
- Weight:5.9 oz/ft^2
- NRC Rating:up to 0.95
Our verdict“This pick suits those needing effective, customizable sound absorption with eco-friendly materials in smaller or personal spaces.”
Knightsacoustic 96 Pack Sound Proof Foam Panels for Walls, 1 x 12 x 12 Inches, High Density Acoustic Sound Absorbing Panels, Black Noise Cancelling Studio Wedges (Not Adhesive)
These 96 high-density foam panels deliver substantial coverage for controlling sound in professional or hobbyist studios. Unlike the Acoustic Foam Panels B0CF982RPY, which are smaller and easier to install individually, this pack provides bulk coverage for larger rooms at a more economical per-panel cost. The foam’s durability ensures it maintains shape after compression, making it suitable for long-term use. The major tradeoff is that these panels do not include adhesive, so you need to purchase mounting supplies separately, and they are not designed for soundproofing but rather for sound absorption, which limits their ability to block noise from entering or leaving a space.
Pros:- High-density foam effectively reduces echoes and background noise
- Massive coverage with 96 panels at a cost-effective rate
- Odor-free, durable material maintains shape over time
Cons:- No included adhesive, requiring additional purchase
- Primarily for absorption, not soundproofing
Best for: Sound engineers or hobbyists setting up a large recording or gaming room who prioritize quantity and affordability over aesthetic appeal.
Not ideal for: Spaces where visual design matters more than acoustic performance, as the foam wedges are utilitarian in appearance and require extra mounting effort.
- Quantity:96 panels
- Dimensions:1 x 12 x 12 inches
- Color:Black
- Material:High-density acoustic foam
- Thickness:1 inch
- Adhesive included:No
Our verdict“This pack is ideal for those needing extensive sound absorption at a budget-friendly price for large areas.”
Acoustic Foam Panels Sound Absorbing 12 Pack – 1″ x 12″ x 12″ High Density Soundproof Panels for Studio, Office, Home
This 12-pack of high-density foam panels offers a straightforward way to manage echo and sound reflections, making them suitable for home studios, offices, or streaming setups. Unlike the Knightsacoustic 96-pack, these panels are smaller and easier to handle, and they come with adhesive and tape for quick mounting. While they effectively reduce echo, they aren’t designed to block noise from outside, similar to the Acoustic Panels 10 Pack (B0DKDXBLSX), but their fire-resistant, non-toxic material makes them safer for indoor use. A key consideration is that they require 24-48 hours to fully expand, which may delay setup.
Pros:- Effective at reducing echoes and managing reflections
- Includes adhesive and tape for fast installation
- Fire-resistant and non-toxic material
Cons:- Panels need time to fully expand after unpacking
- Limited to wall and ceiling installation only
Best for: Content creators or musicians looking for a simple, quick-install solution for sound clarity in small to medium spaces.
Not ideal for: Large rooms or spaces needing soundproofing against external noise, as these mainly absorb sound rather than block it.
- Size:1″ x 12″ x 12″
- Quantity:12 panels
- Material:High-density acoustic foam
- Color:Black
- Fire Resistance:Yes
Our verdict“This choice is best for users seeking easy, fast deployment for echo control in smaller environments.”
TONOR Large Acoustic Panels Self Adhesive – 8 Pack, 47.2 x 23.6 inches
This set of eight large panels combines sound absorption with stylish decor, making them a compelling choice for adding visual interest while controlling echoes. Compared with the Acoustic Panels 10 Pack (B0DKDXBLSX), these panels are significantly larger, covering more wall area with fewer pieces. Their self-adhesive backing simplifies installation, but their large size means they may not adhere well on uneven or textured surfaces, and multiple panels are necessary for sizable rooms. These panels excel in environments where aesthetics matter just as much as acoustic performance, although they are not designed to provide comprehensive soundproofing against external noise.
Pros:- Large size covers more wall area efficiently
- Self-adhesive for simple installation
- Stylish stripe pattern enhances room decor
Cons:- May not adhere well on textured or uneven surfaces
- Requires multiple panels for larger spaces
Best for: Decor-conscious homeowners or small businesses wanting an attractive, functional sound solution that doubles as wall art.
Not ideal for: Rooms with rough or textured walls, where adhesive might not stick reliably, or spaces requiring full soundproofing against external noise.
- Size:47.2 x 23.6 inches
- Quantity:8 pack
- Material:100% polyester fiber
- Thickness:0.35 inches
- Density:212.2 kg/m³
Our verdict“This panel set is perfect for those wanting a decorative, easy-to-install sound absorption upgrade with fewer pieces.”
Acoustic Panels, 10 Pack Soundproof Panels 47.2″x23.6″x0.35″, White
This set of 10 high-density polyester fiber panels provides a sleek solution for reducing echoes and improving sound clarity in versatile environments. Their stylish slotted design and large size make them ideal for customizing layouts, especially compared to smaller panels like the Acoustic Foam Panels B0CF982RPY, which require more pieces to cover the same area. While effective at controlling reflections, these panels do not block external noise, similar to the Acoustic Panels 10 Pack, but their durable material ensures long-lasting performance. Easy to install with double-sided stickers, they suit those who want both function and style without extensive setup.
Pros:- Stylish slotted design with customizable shapes
- Large panels cover significant wall space efficiently
- Simple installation with included double-sided stickers
Cons:- Limited color options (only white in this listing)
- May require cutting for specific shapes or arrangements
Best for: Home offices or small studios seeking a blend of sound control and visual appeal with simple mounting options.
Not ideal for: Rooms needing true soundproofing against outside noise or textured wall surfaces that hinder adhesive adhesion.
- Quantity:10 pieces
- Dimensions:47.2″ x 23.6″
- Material:100% polyester fiber
- Density:230kg/m³
- Color:White
Our verdict“This set is well-suited for stylish, straightforward sound management in spaces where appearance matters.”
20 Pack Acoustic Panels with Self Adhesive, 11.8″ x 11.8″ x 0.36″ High Density Soundproof Foam Panels for Wall, Soundproof Wall Panel, Brick Sound Absorbing Panel for Home Studio Office Decor – Black
This set of 20 high-density foam panels offers a stylish brick 3D design that significantly enhances the visual appeal of any space while effectively absorbing sound. Compared with the larger but less decorative 50-pack wedges, these panels prioritize aesthetics without sacrificing much in sound absorption, though their coverage is limited to about 20 ft² per set, meaning multiple sets may be needed for bigger rooms. The easy peel-and-stick installation makes them ideal for renters or DIY enthusiasts, but the design may not suit every decor style, especially more modern or minimalist interiors. While their soundproofing quality is comparable to the Focusound 52-pack, their smaller size and artistic design make them better suited for accenting walls rather than extensive soundproofing.
Pros:- Stylish brick 3D design enhances room decor
- Easy to install without additional adhesives
- Eco-friendly, odorless polyester material
Cons:- Limited coverage area per set (20 ft²)
- May require multiple sets for larger spaces
- Design might not match all decor styles
Best for: Small home studios or offices that want a stylish finish with decent noise reduction
Not ideal for: Large multi-room spaces or environments requiring complete sound insulation, due to limited coverage and aesthetic focus
- Quantity:20 pieces
- Dimensions:11.8″ x 11.8″ x 0.36″
- Material:Polyester
- Density:14.35 lb/ft³
- Application:Wall, ceiling, door, window
- Design:Brick-shaped 3D panels
- Coverage Area:Approximately 20 ft²
Our verdict“This pick suits buyers seeking a decorative, easy-to-install sound-absorbing solution for small or aesthetic-focused areas.”
Focusound 52 Pack Acoustic Foam Panels 1″ x 12″ x 12″ Soundproofing Noise Cancelling Wedge Panels with 300PCS Double-Side Adhesive
This set of 52 wedge-shaped foam panels excels at reducing echoes and controlling sound reflections, making it highly suitable for recording studios, home offices, or control rooms. Its larger size (12″ x 12″) compared to the 24-pack pyramid panels allows for more coverage per panel, but the need for multiple panels to cover larger areas means it can become more costly. The included 300 adhesive strips simplify installation, although some users report wall damage upon removal, which is a consideration for renters. The fire-resistant, non-toxic foam ensures safety, unlike some cheaper options that lack such features. Compared with the 24-pack pyramid panels, these panels provide broader coverage and a more uniform look, though they do not block noise as effectively as full soundproofing materials.
Pros:- Effective at reducing echo and reflections
- Easy installation with included adhesive tape
- Fire-resistant, non-toxic materials ensure safety
- Reusable and easy to clean
Cons:- May need multiple panels for larger rooms
- Adhesive may damage walls upon removal
- Some initial odor reported
Best for: Home recording studios or control rooms needing effective echo reduction and easy installation
Not ideal for: Large-scale soundproofing projects requiring full noise isolation, as these primarily target reflection and echo, not soundproofing per se
- Number of Panels:52
- Panel Dimensions:1″ x 12″ x 12″
- Material:High-density foam
- Included Accessories:300pcs double-side adhesive tape
- Fire Resistance:Yes
- Application:Soundproofing, noise reduction, recording studios, home offices
Our verdict“This product makes the most sense for users aiming to improve sound clarity in recording environments without full noise insulation.”
24 Pack 2” Thick Pyramid Acoustic Foam Panels for Walls
These 2-inch thick pyramid foam panels are designed primarily to absorb sound waves, making them perfect for reducing echo and reverberation rather than full noise isolation. Their modern pyramid design adds a stylish element to any room, and their durable, flame-retardant foam ensures safety and longevity. Installation requires adhesive or double-sided tape, which may not be included, so some buyers might need to purchase mounting supplies separately. Compared with the thinner Focusound panels, these offer thicker sound absorption, but they still do not block sound transmission entirely. They work best in environments where controlling echo is more critical than preventing sound from passing through walls, such as in home theaters or small studios.
Pros:- Effective at reducing echo and reverberation
- Easy to install on walls and ceilings
- Durable, flame-retardant material
- Stylish modern pyramid design
Cons:- Not intended for full soundproofing or noise isolation
- Installation requires additional adhesive or tape
- Limited to echo and reverberation control
Best for: Home theaters or small studios focused on sound quality rather than complete noise blocking
Not ideal for: Spaces requiring full soundproofing or noise isolation, as these panels mainly address reverberation issues
- Quantity:24 pack
- Thickness:2 inches
- Design:Pyramid
- Material:Acoustic foam
- Features:Sound absorption, flame retardant, easy installation
Our verdict“This choice is ideal for environments where sound clarity and echo reduction are priorities over full noise insulation.”

How We Picked
These soundproofing panels were selected based on performance, build quality, ease of installation, and overall value. We prioritized products with high-density materials that effectively reduce sound transmission, as well as those with user-friendly features like adhesive backing or modular designs. Pack size and price point were also considered to offer options for different budgets and space requirements. The ranking reflects a balance between sound absorption capabilities, durability, aesthetic appeal, and practicality for typical home or studio environments.Factors to Consider When Choosing Soundproofing Panels
Choosing the right soundproofing panels involves evaluating several key factors beyond just price. Understanding how density, thickness, and material composition influence sound absorption will help you make a more informed decision. Additionally, considering installation methods, aesthetic preferences, and room size ensures you select panels that meet your specific needs. Avoiding common pitfalls like underestimating required coverage or ignoring aesthetic fit can save time and money in the long run.Sound Absorption Effectiveness
The primary goal of soundproofing panels is to reduce noise transmission and improve room acoustics. Density and thickness are critical here; higher-density panels typically absorb more sound, especially at mid to high frequencies. Thicker panels (2 inches or more) tend to be more effective but may be bulkier and more challenging to install in tight spaces. Balance your noise reduction needs with the available space and aesthetic considerations.Installation Options and Ease
Panels with self-adhesive backing or modular mounting systems make installation straightforward, especially for DIYers. However, adhesive-only panels can be difficult to reposition once installed, and some materials may damage walls upon removal. Consider whether you prefer a permanent solution or something more flexible. Compatibility with your wall surface and the weight of panels are also vital factors to prevent damage or installation failure.Aesthetic Appeal and Design
Soundproofing panels come in various shapes, colors, and patterns. Hexagon and pyramid shapes often add visual interest, making them suitable for decorative as well as acoustic purposes. Color choices can help panels blend into your decor or stand out as design elements. Keep in mind that some aesthetically appealing panels might sacrifice a bit of sound absorption efficiency compared to dense, utilitarian options.Cost and Coverage
Larger pack sizes typically offer better value per square foot, but they require more space for installation. Budget-conscious buyers should consider the cost per panel and the total coverage needed for their room. Remember that cheaper panels may be less durable or less effective, so weigh the initial cost against long-term performance and replacement frequency.Room Size and Noise Level
Larger or noisier spaces demand higher coverage and possibly thicker, denser panels. For small rooms or sound-sensitive areas like home offices or studios, a moderate amount of panels can significantly improve acoustics. In larger spaces, layering different types of panels or combining with other soundproofing methods may be necessary for optimal results.Frequently Asked Questions
Can soundproofing panels completely block out noise?
While soundproofing panels significantly reduce noise transmission, they rarely eliminate sound entirely. Their primary function is to absorb and diffuse sound waves, which minimizes echo and reduces audible noise. For complete soundproofing, combining panels with other methods such as sealing gaps and adding mass-loaded barriers is often necessary.Are self-adhesive panels safe for all wall types?
Self-adhesive panels are generally safe for smooth, non-porous surfaces like drywall or painted wood. However, they may not adhere well to textured or porous materials and could damage delicate wall finishes upon removal. Testing a small area before full installation is advisable, especially if you are concerned about wall damage or paint removal.How do I choose the right thickness for my panels?
Thicker panels (around 2 inches or more) tend to absorb more sound, especially at mid and high frequencies, making them ideal for serious soundproofing needs. Thinner panels (around 0.4 to 1 inch) are easier to handle and install but may offer less acoustic performance. Consider your space constraints and the level of noise reduction you require before selecting thickness.Can these panels improve room aesthetics as well as soundproofing?
Yes, many soundproofing panels are designed with aesthetic appeal in mind, offering colors, shapes, and patterns that can complement your decor. While functional effectiveness is paramount, choosing panels with visual appeal can make your room look more finished and styled while reducing unwanted noise. Be mindful that the most visually attractive options might be less dense and slightly less effective at sound absorption.How much coverage do I need for a typical home studio?
For a small to medium-sized home studio, covering around 30-50% of the wall surface with soundproofing panels often provides noticeable improvements. Larger or more professional setups may require 60-80% coverage, especially if recording or mixing. It’s best to start with a moderate amount and add more panels if necessary, ensuring you balance acoustic performance with aesthetic and budget considerations.Conclusion
For general home use or small studios, the TONOR 12 Pack High Density Hexagon Acoustic Panels offers a reliable balance of performance and ease of installation, making it the best overall pick. Budget-conscious buyers will find the 50 Pack Sound Proof Foam Panels provide excellent value without sacrificing effectiveness. For those seeking premium, highly durable options, the Knightsacoustic 96 Pack Foam Panels deliver extensive coverage and superior noise reduction. Beginners should prioritize self-adhesive, easy-to-install designs, while professionals or serious hobbyists may want thicker, higher-density panels for maximum sound absorption. Consider your space size, noise level, aesthetic preferences, and budget to choose the perfect panel setup for your needs.
Halloween Picks
halloween
As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.













